thx this helped with my history assingment, thank you for helping me with my homework, thank you for helping me with my 1066 project, this is a good website helping me with work that needs done about the battle of hastings, this is a great website cause it helped me a lot with my assignment :0, this is a great website cause it helped me a lot with my assignment :), well quite clearley william won because he ate his wetabix in the morning, very nice website helped me get a good as mark. Needless to say, when Eustace was among the three knights who cut Harold's body up after the battle he was in disgrace. One of the most common medieval weapons that the Norman knights carried were the Lances. Advanced embedding details, examples, and help! These days schools are 'exam factories' so detail is brushed over for the sake of 'mileage covered'. A knight would go through a knighting ceremony where they would kneel before the King who dubbed them on the shoulder with the flat side of a sword. The maces could also have some protrusions to allow the mace to pierce through heavy armor. They were either used for thrusting and stabbing, or thrown from a distance as missiles. In case of short-term memory loss, take notes! The Bayeux Tapestry suggests that only Alan’s stallion made it. William Bruce Beresford Hudson on March 15, 2018: Thank you so much this has helped me for my humanities assignment. As to Alan "Fergant" (in French this means "Iron-glove"; I suspect I know why), this name is given to Duke Alan IV, a closer-than-cousin of Alan Rufus. These weapons - including assault rifles, submachine guns, squad automatic weapons, grenade launchers, mortars and antitank guns - and the tactics they demand have evolved over the centuries, so Weller traces how infantry weapons have been used tactically from the Battle of Hastings through the Napoleonic campaigns, the American Civil War, the two World Wars and into the Cold War. When King Harold of England faced Duke William of Normandy on the 14th October 1066, they both used different tactics to try to win the Battle of Hastings. Introduction - The Battle: The children will listen to a presentation, explaining how the battle came about, and detailing all of the key events that happened. The Norman swords, aside from having broad, double-edged blades, were 76 centimeters long. Gyrth sought to slay William while he was prone, but someone stopped him, Gyrth was killed and without his experienced leadership on the frontline the English lost momentum. Other product and company names shown may be trademarks of their respective owners. Someone (I believe Alan Rufus) led some of the Norman cavalry behind the emboldened Englishmen, while the Bretons on the left wing turned around and attacked them face on. The medieval knights were the bravest warriors on the medieval battlefield. It is unfortunate that 1066 is only touched upon in schools nowadays. The second major assault also met fierce resistance and ended with severe losses to the Norman troops. These included iron, copper, bronze, or even steel. I'm having a test based on this and I think I'm going to do a great job!!!! Roger II of Montgomery did the same to Conan II, Alan III's son: William got the blame for this, though he was in England at the time. So he may have worn iron/steel gloves, too, perhaps. William was defeated at London Bridge and retreated back into Kent with his survivors. I find that primary school children can handle copious amounts of detail. Alan R Lancaster from Forest Gate, London E7, U K (ex-pat Yorkshire) on September 12, 2013: Hello it's me again Storybailey. They and their men cut down Harold’s bodyguard, then the four knights chopped the king to pieces. it was often made using ash wood with little steel or iron heads. © 2021 Maven Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this website. As to the tactics in the battle of Hastings, they were many and various. Not only that, but they were also known as the finest soldiers throughout Europe. Where did you get this figure?? By this time, the Bretons on the left had resumed their attack so they slammed their javelins and spears into Leofwine’s west flank. You can imagine the mayhem this caused. At this moment, William, who had been given another horse, raised his helmet and called out that he yet lived. Maven Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers to this website may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. thx so much this really helped me with my homework :), this was my homework just like many other people an it was so helpful :D. Thanks so much man.It really helped with my homework. In 911 the French Carolingian ruler Charles the Simple allowed a group of Vikings under their leader Rollo to settle in Normandy. They shifted warfare from the rule of private individuals... How Samurai influenced Modern Japanese Society, The Evolution of Japanese Samurai Sword throughout its History, The Various and Unique Forms of Martial Arts in Southeast Asia, Way of the Samurai: The Bushido Code and its Virtues. So both prepared to invade. Spears, axes, bows and arrows and swords Maces and clubs. (See Bayeux tapestry.) Got 100%. Based on the Anglo-Saxon laws, a medieval weapon that every freeman should have was the spear. At the Battle of Hastings, the most fearsome Anglo-Saxon warriors were King Harold's 'housecarls' - his private army of highly trained professional fighters and bodyguards. Used by both forces during the Battle of Hastings, the spear was the weapon wielded by the poorer warriors. The young Eadgar was made king but not crowned, as the church men now saw William as Eadward's real heir. Bishop Odo was in view of these events and urged some of the fleeing Norman cavalry to turn around. Find this Pin and more on Bios, interviews, and other stuffby Lulu Hicks. This tactic was executed perfectly and the shield wall began to falter. The Battle of Hastings -1066 Duke William's strategy included the use of castles and cavalry - Harold strategy did not. Battle of Hastings Item Preview > remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. They met with fierce resistance at the top, and as before the force of their charge was greatly reduced by the slope. Battle of Hastings, battle on October 14, 1066, that ended in the defeat of Harold II of England by William, duke of Normandy, and established the Normans as the rulers of England. Reaching William was easy as he was in the forefront of the action. The ground was hilly and uneven; in elevated positions and on ridges they had set up stakes as barriers. It is now believed that Harold chose to remain static as he was receiving small numbers of reinforcements during the battle. This allowed the user to have more striking power. Alan R Lancaster from Forest Gate, London E7, U K (ex-pat Yorkshire) on January 25, 2016: Interesting addition by zoetropo about Alan 'Fergant' ('The Red'). A lot of the Norman warriors’ choice of medieval weapons was the bow. Gyrth was momentarily distracted by Alan riding at him and swung his axe at the horse which barely dodged the blow. In ancient Greece, warriors developed from armed bands led by a certain leader. They needed to be highly skilled in weapons and military tactics to ensure that they survived battles as well as defeated the King’s enemies. Even as Harold was slain by Count Eustace, Walter Giffard and Hugh of Pointhieu - who disembowelled him with his lance, Giffard cut off his manhood - there were men coming down from the meeting point, but on learning Harold was dead fell back into the Weald. It was a good fight and both teams fought well but when the Anglo-Saxons chased the fleeing Normans, it opened up a gap in the shield wall leaving space for William's army to attack and break through. Harold was now lacking his two lieutenants and many of his best thegns and huscarls (armoured veteran soldiers) and was henceforth primarily restricted to a defensive position. Successive feints drew out more of the over-exuberant and less disciplined English and the wall shrank until the shortbows and crossbows could shoot arrows over it to the officers standing behind it. According to several pieces of documentary evidence, Gyrth led a frontal assault on William's position. They were repulsed and fled back downhill, pursued by part of Harold's shieldwall. They played a vital role in the war, especially after receiving orders from William to shoot high. Reconstructions of fighting techniques suggested by Richard Underwood in his book Anglo Saxon Weapons and Warfare suggest two primary methods of using a spear. Their choice of weapon was the long-handled battle axe which was also called the Danish Axe. Gyrth swung his axe between the ears of Alan’s horse, which turned its head to evade the blow. The geography of the battleground meant that arrows from William’s archers lost a great deal of momentum by the time the reached the elevated English lines: if arrows got over their heads at all, the English only had to raise their shields to be safe. did William use a trick to break the Saxon's battle line? Technically, the feint was a Breton specialty, but the Normans learnt it from them. There are times when horsemen had Gonfanons or flags placed on their Lances. A typical spear used during the battle was seven or eight feet long. Throughout the battle it seemed that William was more fortunate than Harold. These medieval weapons were usually kept unsheathed. However, William was not to know this, so his initial objective remained the same; he had to breakthrough the shield wall before any Anglo-Saxon reinforcements arrived or the battle would be lost and with it the English crown. William’s first piece of luck occurred in the next phase of the battle. This action would have been totally demoralising to the Normans’ as they were no nearer breaking through the shield wall. SandKing: I use PowerPoint to make the animations. These provide snapshots of the progress of the battle. Didn't williams army pretend to flee, then slaughter harolds? This was a modification of the tactics employed by Bretons for centuries. William's cavalry had gone across to their left to support the Bretons and cut off the South Saxon fyrdmen from their support, isolating and destroying a spirited fight-back by said fyrdmen and their thegns. animation-battle-of-hastings-guide_5. Despite its power, the axe was well-balanced and light enough for wielding with one hand. I have a day to make a history news article pls help on December 10, 2018: check your information because some are made up. Warfare, siege warfare and weapons strategy and tactics where subject to change due to new weapons ideas and changes in Medieval technology and architecture. Harold was now facing the Flemings and men of Ponthieu. However, it was a trap: their horses fell into further concealed pits filled with stakes and more knights perished there than in the main battle. He realised that by 'feinting' retreats or routs he could draw more of the Saxons and Kentishmen. Hi, Thank yu for this it helped me a lot on my history assessment. Below are past that have already happened in Hastings and the surrounding area. Yet the difference between the two is that the regular Lances are usually held in the right hand. William instructed his archers to aim at the shield wall just as his infantry would meet it simultaneously. When Edward died on 5 January 1066, Harold was swiftly chosen as king by those members of the Witan (council of senior lords) who were close by. Hence, the reason for the entire practice to last for many years. Some English and many “French”: bows and arrows. Paul Bailey (author) from Aylesbury, England on December 07, 2015: The Norman cavalry has been estimated between 1000 and 1500. After Alan 'The Red' died late in the 11th Century his cousin, Alan 'The Black', Count of Brittany took over his lands (as well as Gunnhild, younger daughter of Harold Godwinson). How many casualties were there at the battle of Hastings? Ancient Egypt, along with the Khopesh, has been vital in shaping modern civilization. I bet Alan Rufus was smart enough not to fall for this poisoned gloves trick when Roger II rebelled in 1088. This also made him many enemies among the Normans. Earls Leofwine and Gyrth and the huscarls: axes. These included at least two highly trained military officers, Ralph the Staller and Alan Rufus, who promptly joined up with William: Alan was one of William's many Breton cousins, and Ralph was a friend of Alan's father Eudon, who was King Edward's elder cousin and William's uncle of sorts. From left and right great waves of horsemen charged up the hill. EMBED. The weapons and armour (swords, axes, spears, javelins, short bows, crossbows, slings, chain mail, kite shields and round shields) are described in the main article and in posted commentary, and many are depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry. To see it advancing toward them may have broken their resolve. The Anglo-Saxon warriors wielded various weapons while on the battlefield. rubbish website which lies about the battle of Hastings! The many ranks of the shield wall also meant that their was no danger of any arrows reaching the English commanders King Harold and his brothers Earls Leofwine and Gyrth. He responded by moving his command post East. A mace is an upmarket club, used to … Bayeux Tapestry - Battle of Hastings The main weapons for both sides are clubs, maces, swords and spears. To follow the best weight loss journeys, success stories and inspirational interviews with the industry's top coaches and specialists. Not a lot of people know that. William claimed the captive and took him on an expedition against his cousin Conan II of Brittany. non of your business on January 03, 2019: This did not help at all and didn't include any of his tactics. A few knights from Flanders and Ponthieu formed an assassination squad, broke through the defenders on the right and reached Harold, cutting down and into pieces. I suggest to fix this. Author: Sharon Wilyman Created Date: 10/07/2010 06:22:12 Title: Slide 1 Last modified by: Sharon Wilyman Company : … The cavalry charge came suddenly. Past 'Battle Tactics for Kids' near Hastings, East Sussex. In the Bayeux Tapestry, a few Saxons carried bundles of spears that were ready for throwing. Battle tactics were very crude , it was a case of might against might , and the strongest won , the Saxons had a very effective method of defence the shield wall each warrior coverd the warrior next to him with his shield it was almost impossible to break through . Again, we don’t know for sure, but all the … These often had studded iron nails for better impact and damage when used for hitting. The South Saxons had been doing the former and thus their fighting skills had suffered. Their son Edward the Confessor, wh… Fergant probably cottoned on to this, so he wore gloves that didn't wear out. August 2013 'Battle Tactics for Kids' Special Event. These appeared like maces which may have been a badge of their rank. thanks alot!!! This breakout from the wall left it severely weakened and encouraged William to mount another assault. They don't teach it here on the basis of 'too much information confuses'; you'd have to take it up at university. The crossbow … Please pay attention when you read! You can use it over arm – held up high with the arm extended and the spear pointing downwards. They will teach all the essentials of becoming an effective knight. This meant that if a man's front were shielded, the top of his head was vulnerable, and conversely. And if crossbow seems ‘exotic’ to the scope of Hastings, historians have also painted the possibility of slingers being used by William. The surviving English kept fighting past sunset. Plus, these were only utilized when the opponent was already wounded. These were of simple designs: with a cross-guard for protecting the hand of the wielder. wow this website is much better than i thought and this helped me with my homework too. Both the Normans and Anglo-Saxons utilized medieval weapons during the Battle of Hastings. At the beginning of the battle at approximately 9am, the tactics of Harold and William were simple. They were quite heavy but good for cutting and slashing with a heavy downward stroke. So the English showed cunning too. They were especially bred to be strong enough to carry an armoured knight, and trained to be vicious in battle. On an open plain, those tactics would have been very effective, but Harold had the high ground on a ridge with swampy ground below it. Alan R Lancaster from Forest Gate, London E7, U K (ex-pat Yorkshire) on December 21, 2012: Hello again Storybailey. The Lance is the horseman’s spear and measures about 2 meters long. Over time, the frontiers of the duchy expanded to the west. In the Battle of Hastings, the housecarls were the feared warriors of the Anglo-Saxons. Remember that William had also lost men and Harold’s main shield wall still stood firm for a long time, so when William retreated his centre it seemed credible. Battle of Hastings. Their shields were kite-shaped to protect the left side. The Bayeux Tapestry depicts many of the weapons used by combatants. Some websites say that Harold had a third of the amount of people in his army than William had but others, like this one, say it was fairly even with about 7000 on each side. This action was successful: the Normans were suddenly under attack from two fronts, their strategy confounded. His army fought on foot and formed a defensive shield wall many men deep to counter the charge of the Norman cavalry. This is actually an amazing website as it helps with homework and revision. this actually helped, and i am soo thankful ._. These weapons - including assault rifles, submachine guns, squad automatic weapons, grenade launchers, mortars and antitank guns - and the tactics they demand have evolved over the centuries, so Weller traces how infantry weapons have been used tactically from the Battle of Hastings through the Napoleonic campaigns, the American Civil War, the two World Wars and into the Cold War. Thanks so much for giving so much detail. William Duke of Normandy’s historic victory over the Saxon army of King Harold on 14th October 1066, leading to the conquest of England and the eventual replacement of the Anglo-Saxon dominated society by a Norman French . His archers could now begin to inflict some damage. By the beginning of the 12th century, the crossbow was undoubtedly the most important projectile weapon not only of the Norman army but of almost every army in Europe. More information. He felt let down by his brothers in the Northumbria fiasco, and his wife Judith of Flanders (related to Duchess Matilda only by marriage) was a cousin of William's, so he met William, then began raiding the coast, eventually joining up with the Norwegians and dying with Hardraada in a tough fight against Harold Godwinson at Stamford Bridge near York. Lands were regularly invaded, leading to long wars, frequent battles, and siege situations that could last months. In 1002 King Æthelred II of England married Emma, the sister of Richard II, Duke of Normandy. Interesting Hub you've got here. I am glad William won because if not it may change everything and we may not be here today. In the North in 1069-70, he devastated the farmlands (rather more than he intended - it was a bitter winter). this didn't explain anything about the tactics of William :(. The English had to reach William, unhorse him and kill him by any means available: spear, sword, axe, stones. Harold had archers and slingers, but the archers were fewer than William’s. William quickly saw an opportunity and sent his cavalry to encircle the marauding Anglo-Saxons and trapped them between the Norman lines and the cavalry. The spear was generally easy to throw, but the Normans had a different projectile weapon for use. Therefore the use of things like the stirrup, couched lance and massed cavalry tactics cannot be seen as any kind of Norman secret weapon. In the literature, most of the references to weapons and fighting concern the use of javelins, spears and swords, with only occasional references to archery. The Anglo-Saxon shield wall was holding firm and the Norman left flank was taking such a beating that the Flemish infantry fell and back and began to run down the hill. William was affronted, as was Harald Hardraada, king of Norway, who'd had a prior agreement with the Danes. Alan went on to fight many of William's battles for him. See the Wikipedia article on the Bayeux_Tapestry_tituli, Scenes 51 to 58, for snapshots of the battle of Hastings. They formed a tightly packed shield wall, with spears projecting from it. While fine steel was necessary for the wealthy. many years. Designed to absorb the shock of enemy attacks, this defensive structure was made by men standing closely together in lines with their shields interlocked. Aug 5, 2018 - Let us take a gander at the armies and tactics involved in the Battle of Hastings, a politically pivotal encounter for medieval Britain. The heads of the maces were often made using stone or a type of metal. Reports of William's 'demise' came later, before 'half time' in the early afternoon. The initial Norman assault of infantry failed miserably and so did the first cavalry charge. While under siege for rebelling against the young Duke William, Roger I of Montgomery poisoned a pair of replacement gloves to kill Alan III of Brittany, Fergant's maternal grandfather and William's guardian. What other weapons can you see below? Weapons Housecarls – long battleaxes that are razor sharp and swords. For a long time, Egypt has set a place... Sieges are a part of war and are usually unavoidable. can you plz list some tactics William used except for the feigned retreat. This occurred around the Middle Ages. Harold Godwinson was killed by an arrow being shot into his eye. Remember Tostig? Often, these swords were items passed down in families, and a lot of these were also named. Appreciate it! Thank you very helpful as well as interesting photos! Harold was then returned to England. William was then able to order half the archers to shoot directly at the shield wall while the others shot overhead. The Normans routed. Even more when they're keen on the topic. 19th-century depiction of the battle by Francois Hippolyte Debon. It was during this first cavalry charge led by William at the head of his Mathilda squadron that a rumour spread that William had been unseated and killed. As much as William earned victory, Harold made some bad judgments and serious tactical mistakes. They were King Harold’s private army of trained bodyguards and professionals. The Battle of Hastings was a time where many Medieval weapons clashed. It was during this phase in the fighting that Harold was probably killed and the battle won. He employed a two-pronged attack that would win him the day. On the other hand, the Breton cavalry were experts in anti-shield-wall tactics: they would rush the shield wall, release javelins which stick in the shields and make them unwieldy so they had to be dropped, feigned retreat only to be quickly replaced by another wave of cavalry. Harold's army was far inferior in number to that of the Normans, and some of his captains advised him to retreat upon London and lay waste the … However,... Southeast Asia is a base of martial arts. Here are the most famous weapons that the Saxons and Normans used during the battle. In the late afternoon, the Flemings and Pontevins advanced up the lower east ridge. The Witan included the earls - Eadwin, Morkere and Waltheof - and senior clerics. Both his flanks and rear were protected by forest and Harold had time to prepare for the battle, though not as fully as he had intended because William’s scouts were swifter so the Duke had arrived sooner than expected. However I would like to know a bit more on the history of why this battle happened as I had to go to a different site if you could help it would be wonderful. This placed Alan in the perfect position to coordinate feints with Brian: one would draw the Saxons forward, the other would follow in behind them, and together they would encircle them. It's possible that an arrow may have wounded Harold, but the Bayeux Tapestry at most shows a glancing blow against his helmet. The Battle of Hastings -1066 "As soon as the two armies were in full view of each other, great noise and tumult arose. This enhanced their use and choice of weapons for the battles that they engaged in. It was at this point at about 1pm that modern military strategists believe that Harold should have forced home his advantage and moved the shield wall down the hill about 50 yards. This website is really good and it helped me on my history homework a lot. The Bayeux Tapestry gives everyone a better idea of the weapons used in the Battle of Hastings. There were survivors, including Ansgar, the shire reeve of Middlesex (who was Harold's 'stallari' or marshal) and Harold's nephew Hakon were amongst many who reached London to raise awareness of the king's defeat. The Bretons turned and assailed the English right flank, taking heavy casualties but eventually overcoming Leofwine and his men. Of course, they also needed to be skillful in wielding different medieval weapons. The Bushido has always been a part of the Samurai and their culture. Anyone who is now without a shield is easy pickings for their weapons (swords, javelins, spears). They were experts in fighting with a variety of weapons. Knights utilized the Lances to thrust through gaps on the Saxon’s shield wall. Why the English history textbooks don't teach this, I do wonder. Edward of course regarded Godwin as a traitor. Not only that, but the sword featured a double-edged blade plus a shallow point. This was the purpose of the Saxon warriors carrying many spears. Their handles were often made from wood while iron was a material used for the cross guard. It had an iron head used for thrusting, or thrown at an enemy like a Javelin. The next phase of the Norman attack involved the cavalry crashing through the weakest point of the shield wall therefore causing panic amongst the Anglo-Saxons. The whole front line of William’s army was instructed to conduct a feint, but Earls Leofwine and Gyrth anticipated this and were much swifter and cleverer than expected: they rushed the Norman centre and caught Duke William offguard. Warfare strategy, tactics, and weapons technology were transforming to adapt to these new battle situations. Very interesting page which explains a very famous bit of British history in just the right amount of detail. William’s archers were running out of arrows, but he insisted on one last salvo to be timed at a precise moment. If so, Wace may technically have been correct, though jolly confusing to the rest of us. He firmly believed that the Northern army promised by Earl Morkere and Earl Edwin would arrive during the battle. Returning to the shield wall tactics: when William advanced his cavalry, Earls Leofwine (from the west) and Gyrth (from the east) each brought a large group of men forward to apply pressure on William’s front lines. Thank you so much for this article! Hay asks: who used which weapon? At Hastings, the soldiers were organized with the best soldiers in the front line and the less adequate fighters in the following lines. Their favourite weapon was a mighty long-handed battle-axe, also called a 'Danish axe' because it had originated with the Vikings. Harold had positioned his 7000 strong Anglo-Saxon army on the high ground at the top of a ridge. To decide which army was stronger. Earl Gospatric of northern Northumbria being still at Bamburgh was not with them. 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