After her father died in 1952, Eliz… In May 2018, Prince Harry wed the American actress Meghan Markle, a biracial divorcée whose embrace by the royal family indicated just how modern it had become during Elizabeth’s long reign. Since all British passports are issued in the queen’s name, she herself doesn’t need one. They have four children. Her Majesty the Queen, The Royal Household website. But in the summer, after she had moved from Clarence House to Buckingham Palace, she undertook the routine duties of the sovereign and carried out her first state opening of Parliament on November 4, 1952. First 'Walkabout' - 1970. She ...read more, The crown can be a heavy burden to bear, and the 1960s and 70s were challenging decades for Queen Elizabeth. Despite the risks, Elizabeth eventually joined … During World War II she and her sister, Princess Margaret Rose, perforce spent much of their time safely away from the London blitz and separated from their parents, living mostly at Balmoral Castle in Scotland and at the Royal Lodge, Windsor, and Windsor Castle. By Sir Anthony Seldon & Peter Snowdon. Political historian and Blair biographer. As part of her “Golden Jubilee,” events were held throughout the Commonwealth, including several days of festivities in London. She eventually served in World War II. Elizabeth was born into royalty as the daughter of the second son of King George V. After her uncle Edward VIII abdicated in 1936 (subsequently becoming duke of Windsor), her father became King George VI, and she became heir presumptive. Royal family portrait, August 22, 1951. She continues to follow much the same schedule as she has for the entirety of her reign, including official work, public appearances and plenty of time outside with her beloved dogs and horses. From tabloid coverage of Princess Margaret’s affair to Prince Charles’s affair with Camilla Parker Bowles, the royal family entered the spotlight like never before. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. It’s every third-grader’s dream, but only the Queen has the pleasure … The queen’s popularity, and that of the entire royal family, rebounded during the first decade of the 21st century. The separation and later divorce (1996) of Charles and the immensely popular Diana further eroded support for the royal family, which was viewed by some as antiquated and unfeeling. Queen Elizabeth II's Most Glamorous Jewels and Tiaras. Extremely popular for nearly all of her long reign, the queen is known for taking a serious interest in government and political affairs, apart from her ceremonial duties, and is credited with modernizing many aspects of the monarchy. By Leah Silverman. Princess Elizabeth was just a pre-teen when she met the dashing 18-year-old Philip Mountbatten, who was then a cadet in… Her coronation was held at Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953. The couple were married the same year at Westminster Abbey, and have four children together. She became Queen when her father, King George VI, died on 6 February 1952. Queen Elizabeth II is opening Buckingham Palace gardens to the public for summer picnics for the first time in history. In April 2011 Elizabeth led the family in celebrating the wedding of Prince William of Wales—the elder son of Charles and Diana—and Catherine Middleton. Here, we take a closer look at the woman at the center of it all, Queen Elizabeth II. https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/queen-elizabeth. Elizabeth and Margaret spent much of World War II living apart from their parents in the Royal Lodge at Windsor Castle, a medieval fortress outside London. Elizabeth's Family. They were in Kenya on February 6, 1952, when King George VI succumbed to lung cancer at the age of 56, and his 25-year-old daughter became the sixth woman in history to ascend to the British throne. READ MORE: Queen Elizabeth II: 13 Key Moments in Her Reign. Two young adult children and their middle-aged parents are dressed formally, without a hair out of place. The princess’s education was supervised by her mother, who entrusted Elizabeth and her sister to a governess, Marion Crawford. All these children have the surname “of Windsor,” but in 1960 Elizabeth decided to create the hyphenated name Mountbatten-Windsor for other descendants not styled prince or princess and royal highness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! In 1942, the king made Elizabeth an honorary colonel in the 500 Grenadier Guards, a Royal Army regiment. Born third in the line of succession, Elizabeth became the presumptive heir to the throne in 1936, following the abdication of her uncle Edward VIII and the ascension of her father, George VI. Finance. She trained as a Girl Guide (the British equivalent of the Girl Scouts) and developed a lifelong passion for horses. In 1961 she made the first royal British tour of the Indian subcontinent in 50 years, and she was also the first reigning British monarch to visit South America (in 1968) and the Persian Gulf countries (in 1979). Always a vigorous traveler, she kept a punishing schedule to mark the occasion, traveling some 56,000 miles around the Commonwealth, including the island nations Fiji and Tonga, New Zealand, Australia, Papua New Guinea, the British West Indies and Canada. After her return there was an announcement of her betrothal to her distant cousin Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten of the Royal Navy, formerly Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark. Queen Elizabeth II's ascension to the throne at just 25 years old in 1952 is certainly a fascinating story.Now one of the more compelling parts is back in … Elizabeth II is the queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. … Queen Elizabeth II attends day five of Royal Ascot at Ascot Racecourse on June 22, 2019 in Ascot, England. As queen, she has kept many thoroughbred racehorses and frequently attended racing and breeding events. In September 2015, Elizabeth surpassed the record of 63 years and 216 days on the throne set by Queen Victoria (her great-great-grandmother) to become the longest-reigning British monarch in history. Moreover, Anne divorced, and a fire gutted the royal residence of Windsor Castle. (From left) Prince Charles, Queen Elizabeth, Princess Margaret, the duke of Edinburgh, King George VI, and Princess Elizabeth. Queen Elizabeth II is the longest-reigning British monarch, and today is her official birthday. She doesn’t have a passport. Though Queen Elizabeth initially kept the family (including Princes William and Harry) out of the public eye at Balmoral, the unprecedented public response to Diana’s death convinced her to return to London, make a televised speech about Diana, greet mourners and allow the Union Jack to fly at half-mast above Buckingham Palace. Murphy is director of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies at University College London and author of "The Empi… In 2012 Elizabeth celebrated her “Diamond Jubilee,” marking 60 years on the throne. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, who will likely become Britain’s next king and queen, continued the line of succession with their children, Prince George (born 2013), Princess Charlotte (born 2015) and Prince Louis (born 2018). She was born on August 15, 1950, when QE II … In 2002 Elizabeth celebrated her 50th year on the throne. Which prime minister didn’t enjoy life at No 10? The … London (CNN) Britain's Queen Elizabeth II has been pictured riding on horseback in Windsor, west of London, in her first public appearance since the coronavirus lockdown began in the UK. Elizabeth II in her coronation robes, photograph by Cecil Beaton, 1953. Her extensive family includes several grandchildren and great-grandchildren. The Queen has important formal roles in relation to the Government of the UK The Queen and Law The Sovereign today still retains an important symbolic role as the figure in … READ MORE: How Prince Charles and Lady Diana's Wedding Became a Global Phenomenon. Posted at 0:01 2 Apr 0:01 2 Apr. After Charles and Diana divorced in 1996, Diana remained incredibly popular with the British (and international) public. The queen seemed increasingly aware of the modern role of the monarchy, allowing, for example, the televising of the royal family’s domestic life in 1970 and condoning the formal dissolution of her sister’s marriage in 1978. Less than two years after Prince Charles was born, Queen Elizabeth gave birth to Anne, Princess Royal. Their first son, Charles (Prince of Wales) was born in 1948; a daughter, Anne (Princess Royal) arrived two years later. Guests will also be allowed to do a "self-guided garden tour for the first time." At the center of it all is the queen herself, who celebrated her own 90th birthday in 2016 but shows few signs of slowing down. Elizabeth II, in full Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, officially Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of her other realms and territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, (born April 21, 1926, London, England), queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from February 6, 1952. Elizabeth II (right) and Catherine, duchess of Cambridge, visiting Leicester, England, at the start of the queen's Diamond Jubilee tour of the United Kingdom, 2012. Max Mumby/Indigo/Getty Is the Sovereign Grant a good deal for the taxpayer? Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... (From left) Queen Elizabeth, King George VI, Princess Margaret, and Princess Elizabeth, 1939. On the accession of Queen Elizabeth, her son Prince Charles became heir apparent; he was named prince of Wales on July 26, 1958, and was so invested on July 1, 1969. These attempts were met with mixed success. When Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, the elder daughter of Prince Albert, Duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, was born on April 21, 1926, she apparently had little chance of assuming the throne, as her father was a younger son of King George V. But in late 1936, her uncle, King Edward VIII, abdicated to marry an American divorcée, Wallis Simpson. They took residence at Clarence House in London. In the 1990s, however, the royal family faced a number of challenges. Sir Gerald Wollaston reading the official proclamation of Elizabeth being queen of England, February 8, 1952. Though 2002 marked Queen Elizabeth’s Golden Jubilee—50 years on the throne—the death of her mother (the beloved Queen Mum) and sister early that year cast a pall on the celebrations. Queen Elizabeth II at the State Opening of Parliament in 2014. Beginning in the latter part of the first decade of the 21st century, the public standing of the royal family rebounded, and even Charles’s 2005 marriage to Camilla Parker Bowles found much support among the British people. During a royal tour of Australia and New Zealand with Philip … She had set her sights on him when she was only 13, and their relationship developed through visits and correspondence during the war. In 2015 she surpassed Victoria to become the longest-reigning monarch in British history. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Queen Elizabeth’s Silver Jubilee in 1977, marking her 25 years on the throne, proved a bright spot in an era of economic struggles. Princess Elizabeth accompanied by her nurse in Hyde Park, London. Elizabeth’s first grandchild (Princess Anne’s son) was born on November 15, 1977. She is the longest-reigning monarch in British history. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Since 9 September 2015, Elizabeth II has ruled longer than any other king or queen in the history of the United Kingdom. Corrections? In another modernizing measure, she also agreed to open the state rooms at Buckingham Palace to the public for an admission fee when she was not in residence. A fire also broke out at Windsor Castle that same year, and amid public outcry over the use of government funds to restore the royal residence, Queen Elizabeth agreed to pay taxes on her private income. Queen Elizabeth II: 13 Key Moments in Her Reign, Glorious Behind-the-Scenes Photos of Queen Elizabeth's 1947 Wedding, Charles was formally invested as the Prince of Wales, How Prince Charles and Lady Diana's Wedding Became a Global Phenomenon. “Will Queen Elizabeth Give Prince Charles the Throne in 2018?” Newsweek. In 2018, a trip by the Prince of Wales to the Commonwealth country of Vanuatu, escorted by Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs Julie Bishop in between a tour of Queensland and the Northern Territory, was paid for by Australian taxpayers. In a high-pitched voice, the mother tells a funny story about her great-great grandmother, while everyone ...read more, Five months after Prince Harry and Meghan Markle, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, married at Windsor Castle, royal watchers around the world were thrilled with the announcement that the couple was expecting a child in the spring of 2019. It was at Sandringham that Queen Elizabeth II had showdown talks with the couple after their decision to step back from royal duties in January. Queen Elizabeth II has since 1952 served as reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) and numerous other realms and territories, as well as head of the Commonwealth, the group of 53 sovereign nations that includes many former British territories. Marten, afterward provost of Eton College, and had instruction from visiting teachers in music and languages. As a result, her father became King George VI, and 10-year-old “Lilibet” (as she was known within the family) became the heir presumptive to the throne. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. At 94 years old, we take a look at some of her most stylish moments throughout the years. Sally Bedell Smith, Elizabeth the Queen (Penguin Random House, 2012). The surname Windsor proudly retained by Queen Elizabeth II was first assumed by the British royals during World War I. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. With her father’s health declining in 1951, Elizabeth stepped in for him at various state functions. She was the last of the House of Hanover and gave her name to an era, the Victorian Age. This was not required by British law, though some earlier monarchs had done so as well. Marten, afterward provost of Eton College, and had instruction from visiting teachers in music and languages. Elizabeth II with (from left) Princess Anne, Prince Philip, Prince Andrew, and Prince Charles. Elizabeth II, in full Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, officially Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of her other realms and territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, (born April 21, 1926, London, England), queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from February 6, 1952. Queen Elizabeth II reading a speech from the throne at the state opening of Parliament, 1958. Elizabeth is known to favour simplicity in court life and is also known to take a serious and informed interest in government business, aside from the traditional and ceremonial duties. Elizabeth’s famous attachment to Pembroke Welsh corgis also began in childhood, and she would own more than 30 corgis over the course of her reign. In an instant, she had ceased to be Princess Elizabeth and became Queen Elizabeth II. But though she stands for the continuity and tradition of the English monarchy, Elizabeth II’s reign has been anything but ...read more, Victoria (1819-1901) was queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901) and empress of India (1876–1901). In 2005, the queen enjoyed public support when she gave her assent to Prince Charles’ once-unthinkable marriage to his longtime love Camilla Parker Bowles. Though many in the royal circle viewed Philip as an unwise match due to his lack of money and foreign (German) blood, Elizabeth was determined and very much in love. As a result, her father became King George VI, and 10-year-old “Lilibet” (as sh… Among those reserve powers are the power to appoint the prime minister, to open and close sessions of Parliament, and to approve legislation. SEE MORE: Glorious Behind-the-Scenes Photos of Queen Elizabeth's 1947 Wedding. She and Philip wed on November 20, 1947, at Westminster Abbey. Educated by private tutors, with an emphasis on British history and law, the princess also studied music and learned to speak fluent French. In the summer of 1951 the health of King George VI entered into a serious decline, and Princess Elizabeth represented him at the Trooping the Colour and on various other state occasions. The first three months of her reign, the period of full mourning for her father, were passed in comparative seclusion. On May 6, 2019, Meghan gave birth to a ...read more. Princess Elizabeth, accompanied by Prince Philip, took his place. The marriage took place in Westminster Abbey on November 20, 1947. Better Than One. Queen Elizabeth II, 94, is head of the Church of England and a devoted Christian for whom Easter is a hugely important holiday.Usually, the Queen attends a … She has been married to Prince Philip since November 20, 1947. Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the Queen of the United Kingdom, and the other Commonwealth realms. Her grandmother, Queen Mary, consort of King George V, also instructed Elizabeth and her younger sister Margaret in the finer points of royal etiquette. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. 132.4k Followers, 144 Following, 1,262 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Queen Elizabeth II UK (@queenelizabethiiuk) The queen’s other children were Princess Anne (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise), born August 15, 1950, and created princess royal in 1987; Prince Andrew (Andrew Albert Christian Edward), born February 19, 1960, and created duke of York in 1986; and Prince Edward (Edward Anthony Richard Louis), born March 10, 1964, and created earl of Wessex and Viscount Severn in 1999. The princess’s education was supervised by her mother, who entrusted her daughters to a governess, Marion Crawford; the princess was also grounded in history by C.H.K. A consistent presence by his wife’s side and one of Britain’s busiest royals for much of her reign, Prince Philip stepped down from his royal duties in 2017, at the age of 96. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Omissions? In 1947, soon after the royal family returned from an official visit to South Africa and Rhodesia, they announced Elizabeth’s engagement to Prince Philip of Greece, her third cousin (both were great-great-grandchildren of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert) and a lieutenant in the Royal Navy. December 18, 2012-Queen Elizabeth II attends a cabinet meeting at 10 Downing St, marking the end of the celebration of her Diamond Jubilee. Though rumors have swirled at various times that Queen Elizabeth would step aside and let Prince Charles take the throne—in 2017, she delegated some of her royal obligations, such as the official Remembrance Day ceremony, to her eldest son, fueling speculation that she was preparing to give him the throne—many royal experts doubt she will ever abdicate, and she remains a consistent, stable presence at the head of Britain’s reigning family. Beginning in November 1953 the queen and the duke of Edinburgh made a six-month round-the-world tour of the Commonwealth, which included the first visit to Australia and New Zealand by a reigning British monarch. By her death in 1603, ...read more, A well-groomed, staid British family sit around the breakfast table. In 1957, after state visits to various European nations, she and the duke visited Canada and the United States. It is the first time a … The Princess Elizabeth became an honorary colonel of the Grenadier Guards regiment in 1942. During her reign the English monarchy took on its modern ...read more, 1. On March 30, 2002, Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother — the mother of Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Margaret — died peacefully in her sleep at … Their first child, Prince Charles (Charles Philip Arthur George), was born November 14, 1948, at Buckingham Palace. Queen Elizabeth II was born on April 21, 1926 in 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair, London, England as Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor (Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary of York). Despite being history’s most widely traveled head of state—she has reportedly visited 116 countries during her reign—Elizabeth does not hold a passport. On October 7 she and her husband set out on a highly successful tour of Canada and Washington, D.C. After Christmas in England she and the duke set out in January 1952 for a tour of Australia and New Zealand, but en route, at Sagana, Kenya, news reached them of the king’s death on February 6, 1952. That same year, the royal couple celebrated 70 years of marriage, making theirs the longest union in the history of the British monarchy. Her Majesty's jewelry box is unmatched. Elizabeth II is the current Queen of the United Kingdom and Head of the Commonwealth. Princess Anne is in the baby carriage. Born in 1926, Elizabeth was the daughter of King George V’s second son, and had little expectation of succeeding to the throne until her uncle, King Edward VIII, ...read more, She’s one of the most iconic figures in world history: a queen whose reign has outlasted all other British monarchs and most other world leaders, too. In 1968, Charles was formally invested as the Prince of Wales, marking his coming of age and the beginning of what would be a long period as king-in-waiting. In her seventh decade on the throne, Queen Elizabeth presided over the pomp and circumstance of another royal wedding at Westminster Abbey, that of Prince William to Catherine Middleton in April 2011. But those powers, says Philip Murphy, have been heavily restricted by constitutional conventions. Queen Elizabeth II is reportedly unhappy with the drama in the royal family surrounding Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s tense relationships with the likes of Prince William and Prince Charles. Also in May, Elizabeth made a historic trip to Ireland, becoming both the first British monarch to visit the Irish republic and the first to set foot in Ireland since 1911. Queen Elizabeth II. During her “Silver Jubilee” in 1977, she presided at a London banquet attended by the leaders of the 36 members of the Commonwealth, traveled all over Britain and Northern Ireland, and toured overseas in the South Pacific and Australia, in Canada, and in the Caribbean. Her tragic death the following year triggered a tremendous outpouring of shock and grief, as well as outrage at the royal family for what the public saw as its ill treatment of the “People’s Princess.”. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In addition, as the country struggled with a recession, resentment over the royals’ lifestyle mounted, and in 1992 Elizabeth, although personally exempt, agreed to pay taxes on her private income. Elizabeth was the elder daughter of Prince Albert, duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. In 1947, she became engaged to Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, whom she had first met at the age of 13. Elizabeth married her distant cousin Philip Mountbatten and had four children: Prince Charles (heir apparent), Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, and Prince Edward. She is also a descendant of Queen Victoria. Queen Elizabeth II signed her assent at Government House, Canberra, on 19 October 1973. The following month she surpassed George III to become the second longest-reigning monarch in British history, behind Victoria. After spending that Christmas with the royal family, Elizabeth and Philip left on a tour of Australia and New Zealand, making a stopover in Kenya en route. Queen Elizabeth II – Fast Facts, CNN. Her formal coronation as Queen Elizabeth II took place on June 2, 1953, in Westminster Abbey. Elizabeth II was born on April 21, 1926, in London. On September 9, 2015, she surpassed Victoria’s record reign of 63 years and 216 days. When ...read more, The long reign of Elizabeth, who became known as the “Virgin Queen” for her reluctance to endanger her authority through marriage, coincided with the flowering of the English Renaissance, associated with such renowned authors as William Shakespeare. In 1992, a year that Elizabeth referred to as the royal family’s annus horribilis, Prince Charles and his wife, Diana, princess of Wales, separated, as did Prince Andrew and his wife, Sarah, duchess of York. Her financial and property holdings have made her one of the world’s richest women. Elizabeth, now queen, at once flew back to England. All Rights Reserved. Britain's Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by her husband, Prince Philip, waving to well-wishers as she rides to St. Paul's Cathedral for a service celebrating her Golden Jubilee in 2002. 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