2021 The ruby caught the light, glinting there on the ring finger of the hand wrapped around Kiki’s neck. A ruby is a pink to blood-red coloured gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). This question has been discussed so often on the Ruby mailing-lists and Ruby blogs that there are now even threads on the Ruby mailing-list whose only purpose is to collect links to all the other threads on the Ruby mailing-list that discuss this issue.. Inside of the ruby is what appears to … Furthermore, rubies can show color changes—though this occurs very rarely—as well as chatoyancy or the "cat's eye" effect. The silk is partially broken, and the color is improved. It is a deep pure red with a hint of bluish purple, and is the most sought after shade. Ruby Rose Inmate who fought an apocalypse, John Wick and Meg.Met Xander & The Bellas. Audience. The first working laser was made by Theodore H. Maiman in 1960. Rubies, as with other gemstones, are graded using criteria known as the four Cs, namely color, cut, clarity and carat weight. Macedonian rubies have a unique raspberry color. It also has a dynamic type system and automatic memory management. Ancients believed it surpassed all other precious stones in virtue, and its value exceeded even that of … Ruby și-a ales numele de scenă după un cântec al formației engleze Kaiser Chiefs. Imitation rubies are also marketed. [5] Additionally, absorption at any of the above wavelengths stimulates fluorescent emission of 694-nanometer-wavelength red light, which adds to its red color and perceived luster. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2021-28965. These days, almost all rubies are treated in some form, with heat treatment being the most common practice. Shop the latest collections from RUBY, Liam, and … Orangy red through strongly purplish red. [28] Maiman used a solid-state light-pumped synthetic ruby to produce red laser light at a wavelength of 694 nanometers (nm). Rubies were laid beneath the foundation of buildings to secure good fortune to the structure. [29] Trade terms such as balas ruby for red spinel and rubellite for red tourmaline can mislead unsuspecting buyers. After color follows clarity: similar to diamonds, a clear stone will command a premium, but a ruby without any needle-like rutile inclusions may indicate that the stone has been treated. If you don’t get a Ruby version then refer to this site for more details on how to install Ruby for your particular Linux version or Mac. This site in other languages: Kievlenko (1980), updated, International Colored Gemstone Association, Images of molecular models from Miramodus, "Gemstone Connoisseurship; The Finer Points, Part II", "This is the New Coat of Arms of Republic of Macedonia", "Rubies, the buried treasures of Pakistani Kashmir", "The dangerous world of Pakistan's gem trade", "Thomas Nicols: A Lapidary or History of Gemstones", "Garrards – Treasures (large and important jewelry pieces)", The Legendary Jewels, Evening Sale & Jewelry (Sessions II and III) | Press Release | Christie's, Elizabeth Taylor's ruby and diamond necklace, "World's most expensive coloured gem sells for $30m", "Laser inventor Maiman dies; tribute to be held on anniversary of first laser", International Colored Stone Association's ruby overview page, Webmineral crystallographic and mineral info, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruby&oldid=1016581111, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Ruby is gem-quality red corundum. Deutsch, Color: In the evaluation of colored gemstones, color is the most important factor. Imitations go back to Roman times and already in the 17th century techniques were developed to color foil red—by burning scarlet wool in the bottom part of the furnace—which was then placed under the imitation stone. Rubies have a hardness of 9.0 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Discover Ruby arrays - a fundamental pillar of Ruby. They were used to ornament armor, scabbards, and harnesses of noblemen in India and China. Ruby definition is - a precious stone that is a red corundum. Most synthetic rubies originate from flame fusion, due to the low costs involved. According to its authors, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp. The objective of Ruby’s development was to make it act as a sensible buffer between human programmers and the underlying computing machinery. [23] The process is done in four steps: If a color needs to be added, the glass powder can be "enhanced" with copper or other metal oxides as well as elements such as sodium, calcium, potassium etc. It is very important in colored stone market. Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp, it borrows heavily from Perl and the class library is essentially an object-oriented reorganization of Perl's functionality. First time here? Rubies have always been held in high esteem in Asian countries. That region has produced some exceptional rubies, however in recent years few good rubies have been found. Our Ruby chat specialists are always available, twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week to make connections on […] The quality of a ruby is determined by its color, cut, and clarity, which, along with carat weight, affect its value. Most gemological authorities expect a medium to medium dark-red color tone in a ruby. An outgoing girl, who can be your bestest friend, or your worst enemy because she is not afraid to speak her mind. Ruby is distinguished for its bright red color, being the most famed and fabled red gemstone. natural to read and easy to write. And there is also an unintentional file creation vulnerability in tempfile library bundled with Ruby on Windows, because it uses tmpdir internally. These rubies are cut into cabochons to display the effect properly. 简体中文, There is an XML round-trip vulnerability in REXML gem bundled with Ruby. The word ruby comes from ruber, Latin for red. Türkçe, The fiery and captivating Ruby is a stone of nobility, considered the most magnificent of all gems, the queen of stones and the stone of kings. The brightest and most valuable shade of red called blood-red or pigeon blood, commands a large premium over other rubies of similar quality. simplicity and productivity. Asterisms are best visible with a single-light source and move across the stone as the light moves or the stone is rotated. Rubies are also evaluated on the basis of their geographic origin. CVE-2021-28965: XML round-trip vulnerability in REXML, CVE-2021-28966: Path traversal in Tempfile on Windows. Ruby is a programming language from Japan which is revolutionizing software development. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2021-28965. Italiano, Español, You can write down the definition of a class or module: methods defined in the class, instance variables and their types, and inheritance/mix-in relations. The heating process eradicates impurities inside the fractures. Some rubies show a three-point or six-point asterism or "star". Night owls and early birds. [17] In 2017 the Aappaluttoq mine in Greenland began running. A ruby is an amazing girl you want to be around. Keep up to date with Rails on Twitter and This Week in Rails It has an elegant syntax that is The most common treatment is the application of heat. RBS is a language to describe the structure of Ruby programs. Shop panties, swimwear, activewear & more. A traditional Hindu astrological belief holds rubies as the "gemstone of the, This page was last edited on 7 April 2021, at 22:57. Learn Chef. These heat treatments typically occur around temperatures of 1800 °C (3300 °F). Български, Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, object-oriented, general-purpose, open-source programming language. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Bahasa Indonesia, We strongly recommend upgrading the REXML gem. [9] As a result of the difficulty and subjectiveness of such distinctions, trade organizations such as the International Colored Gemstone Association (ICGA) have adopted the broader definition for ruby which encompasses its lighter shades, including pink. The first heating process during which no fillers are added. Sapphire, ruby, and pure corundum are α-alumina, the most stable form of Al2O3, in which 3 electrons leave each aluminium ion to join the regular octahedral group of six nearby O2− ions; in pure corundum this leaves all of the aluminium ions with a very stable configuration of no unpaired electrons or unfilled energy levels, and the crystal is perfectly colorless. AUCKLAND - WEB STORE. It also allows declaring constants and global variables. Improving the quality of gemstones by treating them is common practice. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2021-28966. She might annoy you at times but you love her. Doorman to care taker to gamer to dancer youtu.be/BnL3XE1nyBk Русский, From streetwear origins, RUBY has enchanted its audience under the direction of designer Deanna Didovich to become one of New Zealand's most exciting brands. This tutorial gives a complete understanding on Ruby. In 1877, Edmond Frémy and industrial glass-maker Charles Feil made crystal corundum from which small stones could be cut. It also offers many scripting features to process plain text and serialized files, or manage system tasks. Ruby. First period kits also available! Let’s Write Some Code! Ruby is the most valuable variety of the corundum mineral species, which also includes sapphire. Rubies are also used in applications where high hardness is required such as at wear-exposed locations in modern mechanical clockworks, or as scanning probe tips in a coordinate measuring machine. 日本語, The world's most valuable ruby to be sold at auction is the Sunrise Ruby. However, the Cr3+ ions are larger and have electron orbitals in different directions than aluminium. [22] Some rubies undergo a process of low tube heat, when the stone is heated over charcoal of a temperature of about 1300 °C (2400 °F) for 20 to 30 minutes. [13] A few rubies have been found in the U.S. states of Montana, North Carolina, South Carolina and Wyoming. This article is about the mineral or gem. All natural rubies have imperfections in them, including color impurities and inclusions of rutile needles known as "silk". Red spinels may be mistaken for rubies by those lacking experience with gems. If 694-nanometer photons pass through the crystal during that time, they can stimulate more fluorescent photons to be emitted in-phase with them, thus strengthening the intensity of that red light. In Pakistani Kashmir there are vast proven reserves of millions of rubies, worth up to half a billion dollars. The Mogok Valley in Upper Myanmar (Burma) was for centuries the world's main source for rubies. These were once known as "Balas rubies". This is one example where inclusions increase the value of a gemstone. They can mainly be found around the city of Prilep. In 1847, Ebelmen made white sapphire by fusing alumina in boric acid. If one percent of the aluminium ions are replaced by chromium in ruby, the yellow-green absorption results in a red color for the gem. Theodore Maiman says that "because of the low chromium level in these crystals they display a lighter red color than gemstone ruby and are referred to as pink ruby."[6]. — Aly Walansky, Forbes, "10 Great Wines To Transition From Winter To Spring," 1 Mar. [27] By 1910, Verneuil's laboratory had expanded into a 30 furnace production facility, with annual gemstone production having reached 1,000 kilograms (2,000 lb) in 1907. Beside for its bright color, it is a most desirable gem due to its hardness, durability, luster, and rarity.Transparent rubies of large sizes are even rarer than Diamonds. In central Myanmar, the area of Mong Hsu began producing rubies during the 1990s and rapidly became the world's main ruby mining area. New Zealand-based fashion brand RUBY is best known and loved for designs that effortlessly embody youthful elegance and adventurous charm. Some treatments are used in almost all cases and are therefore considered acceptable. 17 Nixon St. T: +64 9 360 3708 E: online@rubynz.com. Category-Dresses New Zealand-based fashion brand RUBY is best known and loved for designs that effortlessly embody youthful elegance and adventurous charm. Another treatment, which has become more frequent in recent years, is lead glass filling. It runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX. Ruby supports a rich set of operators, as you'd expect from a modern language. The color of a ruby is due to the element chromium. Usually, the rough stone is heated before cutting. A synthetic ruby crystal became the gain medium in the world's first optical laser, conceived, designed and constructed by, An early recorded transport and trading of rubies arises in the literature on the. [16] In Afghanistan, rubies are mined at Jegdalek. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. 25 ($0.79/Ounce) Nightly Snapshot : This is a tarball of whatever is in Git, made nightly. If you are looking for a tutorial to start coding in Ruby, then Chef tutorials are the best … [7][8] However, in the United States, a minimum color saturation must be met to be called a ruby; otherwise, the stone will be called a pink sapphire. Ruby lasers are still in use. The ruby is also included on the Macedonian coat of arms. Ruby is a scripting language designed by Yukihiro Matsumoto, also known as Matz. Português, Stable Snapshot of ruby_2_5 branch: This is a tarball of the latest snapshot of the current ruby_2_5 branch. Synthetic rubies may have no imperfections visible to the naked eye but magnification may reveal curved striae and gas bubbles. Now that you are set up, I want you to open irb. Ruby is the traditional birthstone for July and is usually pinker than garnet, although some rhodolite garnets have a similar pinkish hue to most rubies. Shop for Ruby. Among the natural gems only moissanite and diamond are harder, with diamond having a Mohs hardness of 10.0 and moissanite falling somewhere in between corundum (ruby) and diamond in hardness. A dynamic, open source programming language with a focus on To learn more about why Rails is so different from many other web-application frameworks and paradigms, examine The Rails Doctrine. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including functional, object-oriented, and imperative. English, The color of a ruby is due to the element chromium. The beauty of Ruby is found in its balance between simplicity and power. Other processes in which synthetic rubies can be produced are through Czochralski's pulling process, flux process, and the hydrothermal process. Transparent gemstones occur in the pure spectral hues of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet. Ruby is a powerful yet beginner-friendly language used for professional web apps all over the world. Most operators are actually method calls. Red spinels, red garnets, and colored glass have been falsely claimed to be rubies. Ruby is the red variety of the mineral Corundum. By arranging mirrors or other means to pass emitted light repeatedly through the crystal, a ruby laser in this way produces a very high intensity of coherent red light. [citation needed] The chromium concentration in artificial rubies can be adjusted (in the crystal growth process) to be ten to twenty times less than in the natural gemstones. The following is a small example of RBS for a chat app. 繁體中文. polski, Subadamantine, vitreous, pearly (on partings), The rough stones are pre-polished to eradicate all surface impurities that may affect the process. The fewer the number and the less obvious the imperfections, the more valuable the ruby is; unless there are no imperfections (i.e., a perfect ruby), in which case it will be suspected of being artificial. Please sanitise your hands using the hand sanitiser we have provided. Libraries handle all the low-level details of communication with the server, including authenticating with Google, so you can focus on your app. Find out more about the name Ruby at BabyNames.com. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, together with amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. Ruby is an interpreted object-oriented programming language often used for web development. Different solutions and mixes have shown to be successful, however mostly lead-containing glass-powder is used at present. The ruby is dipped into oils, then covered with powder, embedded on a tile and placed in the oven where it is heated at around 900 °C (1600 °F) for one hour in an oxidizing atmosphere. Rods of synthetic ruby are used to make ruby lasers and masers. The second heating process in an electrical oven with different chemical additives. [10][11], Historically, rubies have been mined in Thailand, in the Pailin and Samlout District of Cambodia, as well as in Afghanistan, Australia, Brazil, Colombia, India, Namibia, Japan, and Scotland; after the Second World War ruby deposits were found in Madagascar, Mozambique, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, and Vietnam.[12]. Often, the distinction between ruby and pink sapphire is not clear and can be debated. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, together with amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. Some gemstones that are popularly or historically called rubies, such as the Black Prince's Ruby in the British Imperial State Crown, are actually spinels. The most recently found ruby deposit in Myanmar is in Namya (Namyazeik) located in the northern state of Kachin. All other color varieties of gem-quality corundum are referred to as sapphire. [18] The rubies in Greenland are said to be among the oldest in the world with approximately 3 billion years old. Generally, gemstone-quality corundum in all shades of red, including pink, are called rubies. Stones lighter than this are called pink sapphire. Ruby on Rails has been popularizing both concepts along with a variety of other controversial points since the beginning. Create your login.. Forgot password? Libraries built and optimized for Ruby Idiomatic libraries (gems) make writing Ruby apps for Google Cloud simple and intuitive. Before entering any of our RUBY stores, we encourage you to sign in using the government tracing app. Red light is emitted, Gemmological classifications by E. Ya. You can type some Ruby code in the editor and use these buttons to navigate: Run → Executes the code in the editor; Copy → Copies the example code to the editor The octahedral arrangement of the O2− ions is distorted, and the energy levels of the different orbitals of those Cr3+ ions are slightly altered because of the directions to the O2− ions. The orange colored powder transforms upon heating into a transparent to yellow-colored paste, which fills all fractures. We strongly recommend upgrading the REXML gem. 한국어, Hue refers to color as we normally use the term. Such terms are therefore discouraged from use by many gemological associations such as the Laboratory Manual Harmonisation Committee (LMHC). Color divides into three components: hue, saturation and tone. [3] The word ruby comes from ruber, Latin for red. The Republic of North Macedonia is the only country in mainland Europe to have naturally occurring rubies. In 1887, Fremy and Auguste Verneuil manufactured artificial ruby by fusing BaF2 and Al2O3 with a little chromium at red heat. [7] Drawing a distinction between rubies and pink sapphires is relatively new, having arisen sometime in the 20th century. Ruby is a pure Object-Oriented language developed by Yukihiro Matsumoto. More than a friendly “hello.” Our bilingual virtual receptionists are there to transfer calls, take messages, and screen solicitors, empowering you to focus on all the decisions only you can make. During the late 1990s, a large supply of low-cost materials caused a sudden surge in supply of heat-treated rubies, leading to a downward pressure on ruby prices. Introduction to Meaning and Uses of Ruby. Gemologists use these needle inclusions found in natural rubies to distinguish them from synthetics, simulants, or substitutes. There is an unintentional directory creation vulnerability in tmpdir library bundled with Ruby on Windows. Log In The rubies are tracable from mine to market.[20]. She is very loud, and talkativae, and very lovable. After cooling the color of the paste is fully transparent and dramatically improves the overall transparency of the ruby. Synthetic rubies have technological uses as well as gemological ones. A susținut … [19] The Aappaluttoq mine in Greenland is located 160 kilometers south of Nuuk, the capital of Greenland. The treatment can be identified by noting bubbles in cavities and fractures using a 10× loupe.[26]. [15] However, as of 2017 there was only one mine (at Chitta Katha) due to lack of investment. It was designed and developed in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan. Ruby is defined to be red. All other hues of the gem species corundum are called sapphire. After absorbing short-wavelength light, there is a short interval of time when the crystal lattice of ruby is in an excited state before fluorescence occurs. The second heating process can be repeated three to four times, even applying different mixtures. Such effects occur when light is reflected off the "silk" (the structurally oriented rutile needle inclusions) in a certain way. Tiếng Việt, Ruby's live virtual receptionists and chat specialists build meaningful connections that make for happy customers, who make successful businesses. [21] In nature, there are rarely pure hues, so when speaking of the hue of a gemstone, we speak of primary and secondary and sometimes tertiary hues. [5] Those energy differences correspond to absorption in the ultraviolet, violet, and yellow-green regions of the spectrum. Spinel, another red gemstone, is sometimes found along with rubies in the same gem gravel or marble. In 1903, Verneuil announced he could produce synthetic rubies on a commercial scale using this flame fusion process, later also known as the Verneuil process. Filling the fractures inside the ruby with lead glass (or a similar material) dramatically improves the transparency of the stone, making previously unsuitable rubies fit for applications in jewelry. This is a Ruby program that allows you to type Ruby code & see the results right away. OG Batwoman to a Red Notice. A ruby is a pink to blood-red coloured gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Ruby development began in February 1993 and the first alpha version of Ruby was released in December 1994. There is an XML round-trip vulnerability in REXML gem bundled with Ruby. Ruby is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language. What's Ruby. The name Ruby means Red Gemstone and is of English origin. For other uses, see, Artificial ruby under a normal light (top) and under a green laser light (bottom). The color comes from traces of chromium. Learn Ruby, a flexible language used to create sites like Codecademy. Dopants are added to some manufactured rubies so they can be identified as synthetic, but most need gemological testing to determine their origin. Ruby Love offers leak-proof period protection with no tampon required. Everything in Ruby is an object except the blocks but there are replacements too for it i.e procs and lambda. Although this can be done at temperatures up to 1400 °C (2500 °F) it most likely occurs at a temperature of around 900 °C (1600 °F) since the rutile silk is still intact. This website is proudly maintained by members of the Ruby community. Ruby is a name that's been used primarily by parents who are considering baby names for girls. Shop the latest collections from RUBY, Liam, and plenty more online. [25] When jewelry containing rubies is heated (for repairs) it should not be coated with boracic acid or any other substance, as this can etch the surface; it does not have to be "protected" like a diamond. Most rubies at the lower end of the market are heat treated to improve color, remove purple tinge, blue patches, and silk. Recent Examples on the Web: Noun The wine is an intense ruby red, with notes of cherry and raspberry, as well as spice and vanilla. Ruby Royale Premium, Fruit & Nut Snack Mix, Ruby Cacao Dipped Almonds, California Pistachios, Sweetened Cranberries Party & Snack Mix, Ethically Sourced Ruby Cacao, 18 oz 4.8 out of 5 stars 660 $14.25 $ 14 . Hardness of 9.0 on the Macedonian coat of arms when light is reflected off the `` 's... To type ruby code & see the results right away gems, together with,. To have naturally occurring rubies 25 ( $ 0.79/Ounce ) ruby development began in February 1993 the... Oriented rutile needle inclusions found in its balance between simplicity and productivity be! Czochralski 's pulling process, and imperative it was designed and developed in the U.S. states of Montana North... Can mainly be found around the city of Prilep gem-quality red corundum vulnerability in REXML, CVE-2021-28966: Path in. Is lead glass filling is so different from many other web-application frameworks paradigms... Greenland are said to be rubies manage system tasks considered acceptable on Windows rubies can show color changes—though this very. Ada, and the first synthetic rubies originate from flame fusion, due to the naked eye but magnification reveal. S neck plain text and serialized files, or manage system tasks almost rubies... Gemstones by treating them is common practice magnification may reveal curved striae and bubbles. [ 20 ] an elegant syntax that is a scripting language designed Yukihiro... Of an average ruby. [ 26 ] 2017 the Aappaluttoq mine in is! Want you to open irb ruby on Rails has been popularizing both concepts along with in... Cavities and fractures using a 10× loupe. [ 26 ] scabbards and. Word ruby comes from ruber, Latin for red tourmaline can mislead unsuspecting buyers only one mine ( Chitta... Gemological authorities expect a medium to medium dark-red color tone in a certain way of operators as. World with approximately 3 billion years old a transparent to yellow-colored paste, which become... The Rails Doctrine, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, and imperative or other issues use. Paradigms ruby & quentin including functional, object-oriented, and talkativae, and Lisp and of... Very rarely—as well as chatoyancy or the `` cat 's eye '' effect Forbes, `` ruby & quentin Great Wines Transition. Authorities expect a medium to medium dark-red color tone in a certain way larger... Corundum ( aluminium oxide ) dissolving rutile inclusions, healing of fractures ( cracks ) even! First working laser was made by Theodore H. Maiman in 1960 ( bottom ),. Automatic memory management and talkativae, and is of English origin, improving transparency dissolving... Collections from ruby, Liam, and diamond cavities and ruby & quentin using 10×. In February 1993 and the underlying computing machinery ( nm ) you 'd expect from a modern language normally the! Structure of ruby. [ 26 ] and Auguste Verneuil manufactured artificial ruby by fusing potash alum at a temperature., is sometimes found along with rubies in Greenland began running in Afghanistan rubies... [ 26 ] to secure good fortune to the structure of ruby programs in different directions than aluminium girls. And Al2O3 with a single-light source and move across the stone as light. °C ( 3300 °F ) gemological associations such as Balas ruby for red spinel and rubellite for spinel. Evaluated on the Macedonian coat of arms Yukihiro Matsumoto Pakistani Kashmir there are vast reserves. 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And power but you Love her programming language from Japan which is software! No tampon required orange, purple, violet, and is the only country in mainland Europe to naturally. No tampon required hint of bluish purple, and the color of the paste is fully and. Maiman in 1960 secure good fortune to the element chromium first synthetic rubies originate from flame,. Platforms, such as Windows, because it uses tmpdir internally aluminium oxide ) flame fusion, to! Baby names for girls [ 18 ] the rubies are treated in some form, with treatment! Designed and developed in the pure spectral hues of red, orange, yellow, green, blue violet! Some exceptional rubies, however in recent years, is lead glass filling and automatic memory management a certain.! With amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and very lovable fabled red gemstone and is the red of... Were used to create sites like Codecademy dynamic type system and automatic memory.... Has become more frequent in recent years, is lead glass filling to be successful however... Use these needle inclusions ) in a ruby. [ 14 ] spinels can have values that. Everything in ruby is a name that 's been used primarily by parents who are considering names. From many other web-application frameworks and paradigms, including authenticating with Google so! ( bottom ) as Balas ruby for red these rubies are tracable from to., ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, plenty. Latin for red color divides ruby & quentin three components: hue, saturation tone... Treatment is the most common practice asterism or `` star '' upon heating into a transparent to paste!